Certificate of Origin orcertificate of origin of the goodsthis is a document indicating the country of origin of the goods. The country of origin of the goods depends on the customsdutyand the possibility of obtaining tariff preferences and benefits under trade agreements.

The idea of tariff preferences for developing countries was the subject of extensive discussion at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in the 1960s. Among other concerns, developing countries have argued that MFN creates an obstacle for richer countries to reduce and eliminate tariffs and other trade restrictions at a sufficient rate to benefit developing countries.

In 1971, the GATT followed the example of UNCTAD and introduced two waivers from MFN, which allowed tariff preferences to be granted for goods from developing countries. Both of these waivers were imposed for ten years. In 1979, the GATT established a permanent exception to the MFN obligation through a permit provision. This exception allowed GATT Contracting Parties (equivalent to today's membersWTO) to create systems of trade preferences for other countries with the proviso that these systems should be "generalized, non-discriminatory and non-reciprocal" with respect to the countries they have benefited (the so-called beneficiary countries). Countries should not have created GSP programs that benefited only a few of their "friends".

There are several options for certificates:

A certificate of a general form is required in order to officially confirm the country of origin of goods exported from the Russian Federation to all countries (with the exception of CIS countries) that are not subject to tariff preferences granted to the Russian Federation by foreign states or their economic associations within the framework of the General System of Preferences.the country of origin of goods exported from the Russian Federation to all countries (with the exception of CIS countries) that are not subject to tariff preferences granted to the Russian Federation by foreign states or their economic associations within the framework of the General System of Preferences.

The certificate of the ST-1 form is required for goods intended for export from Russia to the CIS member states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). Its application in trade between the Commonwealth States, participantsForeign economic activitythey can reduce the rate of customs duties to 0%;

A certificate of the form ST-2 is required for goods intended for export from Russia to Serbia. The owner of the certificate of origin of the ST-2 form is exempt from customs duties when importing Russian goods to Serbia and Serbian goods to Russia;

Certificate of Origin - form "A" is used in Russia when importing goods, the certificate allows you to import goods with a substantial 25% discount (relative to the amount of the basic customs duty), or without paying customs duties.

When importing goods to the territory of the Russian Federationcustoms authoritiesusually a certificate is requested:

• for goods from countries that have received customs preferences from the Russian Federation;
• for goods whose import is restricted by quotas or other measures;
• in cases where the origin of the goods is unknown or doubtful;
• in other cases stipulated by the legislation and international agreements of the Russian Federation.

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Certificate of Origin(Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin) in Chinese sounds like 普惠制原产地证 is a document developed and approved in 1968 by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), adopted by developed countries as part of the implementation of the General System of Preferences (GSP), this document gives the right to receive preferences when paying import customs duties at customs registration of goods originating from developing countries or from least developed countries.  The certificate of origin in the form "A" is accepted within the framework of the GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) system.

According to Appendix No. 2 adopted by the decision of the EurAsEC Interstate Council No. 18 of 27.11. 2009, a list of developing countries-users of the tariff preferences system of the Customs Union has been compiled.

In Russia in accordance with the decision of the CouncilECE No. 8 dated 13.01.2017. On the list of goods originating from developing countries or from least developed countries, in respect of which, when imported into the customs territoryThe EAEUtariff preferences are provided, a list of such goods has been approved.

How to get a certificate of origin in China?

Buying goods in China and crossing the Russian-Chinese border does not mean thatproductIt was produced in China. For this purpose, this document is required, which confirms that the place of actual production of goods exported from China is located on the territory of China and the goods are made entirely from Chinese raw materials or have undergone sufficient processing (processing) on the territory of China.

If the goods have been processed or processed in several countries, the country of origin is determined according to criteria that may be established by various trade agreements concluded by the exporting country with the exporting country (for example, free trade area agreements), or agreements in which both countries participate (for example, the Agreement on the WTO Rules of Origin, in which all WTO members participate).

The standard criteria for determining the place of origin of goods are the following signs:

• The goods were completely received or produced in a given country (this rule is most often applied when determining the place of origin of minerals and products of their processing, agricultural products);
• This country is the last place of sufficient processing (processing) of goods. That is, if two or more countries participate in the manufacture of a product, the country of origin of the product is recognized as the country in which it was subjected to the last significant processing necessary for the acquisition of its basic properties by the product. Sufficient processing (processing) of goods is considered to be processing, as a result of which the first digits of the commodity nomenclature code change, processing that meets the ad valorem share rule or certain technical requirements.
• Import Content Rule (Import Content Rule in which the share of the value originating from a country that is not a party to the agreement should not reach a certain level - as a rule, 30-50%)
• Local Cost Maintenance rule (Regional Value / Content Rule, according to which the content of the share of the value originating from the countries(s) that are parties to the free trade agreement should reach a certain level).

In China, the certificate of the country of origin of Form A is issued by the Inspection for the Control of Import-Export of Goods and Quarantine Supervision of China (CIQ – The China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau). CIQ representative offices are available at most crossing points of the Russian-Chinese border, so exporters do not have any problems with obtaining a Form A certificate. The cost of registration of the document is about 150-200 yuan. But you need to remind the supplier of the goods that you need a certificate of the country of origin of Form A.

The certificate must have the signature and seal of the regional representative office of this institution. Certificates issued by other authorities will probably not passcustoms control.

Certificates of origin can be divided into two main categories: preferential (allowing the importer to count on a preferential customs tariff) and standard (for determining the place of origin of goods).

You may need a certificate if compensatory, protective measures are applied to imported goods to protect domestic producers, the main of which are anti-dumping duties.

Also, this document will be useful to you ifthe contractit provides for a letter of credit form of payment, the certificate of the country of origin can be included in the list of documents confirming the delivery, in this case it will need to be submitted to the bank.

There are several varieties of certificates that are designated by different letters.

• A certificate in Form A is required for full or partial exemption from customs duties in the importing country when importing goods under the general system of preferences for developing countries. Chinese goods are subject to a common system of preferences in the European Union, the Customs Union and Japan.
• A certificate of origin in Form B is required for the export of goods for which a preferential customs tariff applies in a member country of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. The parties to this agreement are China, Bangladesh, India, South Korea, Nepal, Laos, Sri Lanka, Philippines).
• A certificate of origin in the form of E - is needed for the export of goods for which a preferential customs tariff is in effect under the free trade zone agreement between the PRC and the ASEAN countries (Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam).
• Certificate of Origin in Form F - is used for the export of goods under the free trade zone agreement between China and Chile.
• Certificate of origin in the form of P - is used for the export of goods under the free trade zone agreement between China and Pakistan.
• Certificate of Origin in Form X - used for the export of goods under the Free trade zone agreement between China and Singapore.
• Other forms of certificate of origin are used for the export of goods under other free trade zone agreements concluded by the PRC (New Zealand, Iceland, Switzerland, etc.).

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Certificate of origin of goods of general form

The certificate confirming the country of origin of the goods, its name speaks for itself, but in this article we will explain how to get, when and where to apply this document, which is required for customs clearance by the authorities of the importing country.

This certificate is required for customs clearance, thanks to it, a preferential duty rate can be applied during customs clearance, as well as the certificate confirms that the goods are of Russian production.

1. The country of origin of the goods is considered to be the State party to the Agreement on the territory of which the goods were fully produced or subjected to sufficient processing /processing in accordance with these Rules.
2. Goods fully produced in a State party to the Agreement are considered to be:
   • a. Natural resources (minerals and mineral products, water, land resources, atmospheric air resources) extracted from the bowels of a given country, on its territory or in its territorial sea (other body of water of the country) or from its bottom, or from atmospheric air on the territory of a given country;
   • b. Products of plant origin grown and/or harvested in this country;
   • b. Live animals born and bred in a given country;
   • d. Products obtained in this country from animals raised in it;
   • d. Products obtained as a result of hunting and fishing in this country;
   • e. Marine fishing products and other marine fishing products received by a vessel of a given country or leased (chartered) by it;
   • g. Products obtained on board the processing vessel of this country exclusively from the products specified in subparagraph "e";
   • h. Products obtained from the seabed or from the subsurface outside the territorial sea of a given country, provided that this country has exclusive rights to develop this seabed or these subsurface;
   • and. Waste and scrap (secondary raw materials) obtained as a result of production or other processing operations, as well as used products collected in this country and suitable only for processing into raw materials;
   • k. High-tech products obtained in outer space on spacecraft owned by a given country or leased (chartered) by it;
   • L. Goods manufactured in this country from products specified in subparagraphs "a" - "k" of this paragraph.
3. For the purposes of determining the country of origin of goods manufactured in a State party to the Agreement, a cumulative principle may be applied that determines the origin of a particular product during its sequential processing/processing.If, in the production of the final product in one of the States Parties to the Agreement, materials originating from another or other States parties to the Agreement are used, confirmed by a certificate (certificates) of origin of the ST-1 form of goods (hereinafter referred to as the ST-1 form certificate or certificate) and subjected to step-by-step subsequent processing/processing in another or other states - the parties to the Agreement, then the country of origin of such goods is the country in whose territory it was last processed / processed.In the absence of a certificate (certificates) of the ST-1 form on the origin of materials from other States Parties to the Agreement, the country of origin of the final product is determined on the basis of the criterion of sufficient processing/processing (subparagraphs "a", "b", "c" of paragraph 2.4 of these Rules).
   By the decision of the Customs Union Commission dated 06/18/2010 No. 324, the reservation of the Russian Federation regarding paragraph 2.4 of Section 2 of this document was brought.
4. In case of participation in the production of goods of third countries other than the States parties to the Agreement,country of origin of the goodsit is determined in accordance with the criterion of sufficient processing /processing of the goods.
   The criterion of sufficient processing/processing can be expressed by the fulfillment of the following conditions:
   • a. Change of the product position byHSat the level of at least one of the first four characters that occurred as a result of processing/processing;
   • b. Fulfillment of the necessary conditions, production and technological operations, during which the goods are considered to originate from the country in which these operations took place;
   • b. The ad valorem share rule, when the cost of the materials used of foreign origin reaches a fixed percentage of the price of the final product.
     The main condition for the criterion of sufficient processing / processing is a change in the commodity position according to the HS at the level of at least one of the first four characters. This condition applies to all goods, with the exception of goods included in the List of conditions, production and technological operations, during which the goods are considered to originate from the country in which they took place (hereinafter referred to as the List) (Appendix 1, which is an integral part of these Rules).
     The ad valorem share rule may be included in this List as one of the conditions, either independently or in combination with the fulfillment of other necessary conditions, production and technological operations set out in subparagraph "b" of this paragraph.
     If the ad valorem share rule is applied, the cost indicators are calculated:
     for materials of foreign origin - at the customs value of such materials when they are imported into the country in which the production of the final product is carried out, or at the documented price of their first sale on the territory of the country in which the production of the final product is carried out;
     for the final product - at a price on ex-factory terms.
5. In order to determine the country of origin of goods in accordance with the criterion of sufficient processing/processing, materials originating from the States Parties to the Agreement in accordance with these Rules are not considered as materials of foreign origin and are equated with those originating from the country in which the final product is produced.
6. When determining the country of origin of goods in accordance with the criterion of sufficient processing/processing, it is allowed to use materials of foreign origin having a commodity position (at the level of the first four characters) identical to the final product, provided that their cost does not exceed 5% of the price of the final product on ex-factory terms and such materials are a necessary component in production of the final goods (except for those goods for which other conditions are specified in the List) with mandatory confirmation of the fulfillment of these conditions in the conclusion on the origin of the goods or the act of examination issued by the authorized body or other organizations in accordance with the national legislation of the State party to the Agreement.
7. If a product whose origin meets the conditions of these Rules is used in the production of another product, then the requirements for origin applied to the materials used for the production of this product are not taken into account when determining the country of origin of the goods.

In case of loss or damage of the certificate of origin of goods of general form, at the written request of the Declarant, a duplicate of it may be issued, which takes effect from the date of issue of the original, the period of application of which cannot be more than 12 months from the date of issue of the original.

A certificate of origin of goods of a general form may be issued after the export of the goods on the basis of a written request from the applicant, for this the applicant additionally submits to the Chamber of Commerce and Industry a customs declaration with the appropriate mark of the customs authority confirming the actual export of the goods.

SystemCCI of the Russian FederationIt is the only organization in Russia authorized to issue certificates and origin of goods of general form. 

1. The direction of the application.
2. After preliminary approval, the execution of the contract, which specifies the procedure and conditions of work, the terms of the order, payment and a report on the work performed.
3. Payment for the issuance of a certificate of origin of goods of a general form.
4. Consideration of the provided set of documents required for the issuance of a certificate of origin of goods of general form.
5. Signing of the act on the provision of services and the issuance of a certificate of origin of goods of a general form.

If we consider this certificate in the context of food, then the package of documents will include:

1. Notarized constituent documents for a company that enters into a contract withCCIand submits applications for the production of a certificate.
2. Commercial documentsbetween the recipient of the certificate and the person who purchases the goods.
3. Documents for the purchase of goods between your company and the manufacturer.
4. Documents for the company that manufactured the goods.  (Characteristics of the company, list of equipment, rights to premises, etc.)
5. Information about the finished product. (Permits, technological instructions, technological conditions, letters for products from the manufacturer indicating the dates of production, supply contracts and invoices for all ingredients from which the product was made, etc.)
6. Information about the composition and labels of the product.
7. Documents for the transportation of goods. All copies must be duly certified.

If the batch goes under one contract and you have one seller, one manufacturer, one importer and exporter, then one certificate is made.

The certificate is made for each batch of goods.

You can check the authenticity of the issued certificate of origin on the territory of the Russian Federation by clicking on the buttonCheck the certificate in the database

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